CNEMOEulerVariable.hpp

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/*!
 * \file CNEMOEulerVariable.hpp
 * \brief Class for defining the variables of the compressible NEMO Euler solver.
 * \author C. Garbacz, W. Maier, S.R. Copeland
 * \version 8.5.0 "Harrier"
 *
 * SU2 Project Website: https://su2code.github.io
 *
 * The SU2 Project is maintained by the SU2 Foundation
 * (http://su2foundation.org)
 *
 * Copyright 2012-2026, SU2 Contributors (cf. AUTHORS.md)
 *
 * SU2 is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * SU2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with SU2. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
#pragma once
 
#include <limits>
 
#include "CFlowVariable.hpp"
#include "../fluid/CNEMOGas.hpp"
#include "../../../Common/include/toolboxes/geometry_toolbox.hpp"
 
/*!
 * \class CNEMOEulerVariable
 * \brief Main class for defining the variables of the NEMO Euler's solver.
 * \note Primitive variables (rhos_s, T, Tve, vx, vy, vw, P, rho, h, a, rhoCvtr, rhoCvve)
 * \ingroup Euler_Equations
 * \author S. R. Copeland, F. Palacios, W. Maier, C. Garbacz
 */
class CNEMOEulerVariable : public CFlowVariable {
 public:
  static constexpr size_t MAXNVAR = 25;
 
  template <class IndexType>
  struct CIndices {
    const IndexType nDim, nSpecies;
    CIndices(IndexType ndim, IndexType nspecies) : nDim(ndim), nSpecies(nspecies) {}
    inline IndexType NDim() const {return nDim;}
    inline IndexType NSpecies() const {return nSpecies;}
    inline IndexType SpeciesDensities() const {return 0;}
    inline IndexType Temperature() const {return nSpecies;}
    inline IndexType Temperature_ve() const {return nSpecies+1;}
    inline IndexType Velocity() const {return nSpecies+2;}
    inline IndexType Pressure() const {return nSpecies+nDim+2;}
    inline IndexType Density() const {return nSpecies+nDim+3;}
    inline IndexType Enthalpy() const {return nSpecies+nDim+4;}
    inline IndexType SoundSpeed() const {return nSpecies+nDim+5;}
    inline IndexType RhoCvtr() const {return nSpecies+nDim+6;}
    inline IndexType RhoCvve() const {return nSpecies+nDim+7;}
    inline IndexType LaminarViscosity() const {return nSpecies+nDim+8;}
    inline IndexType EddyViscosity() const {return nSpecies+nDim+9;}
 
    inline IndexType CpTotal() const {return std::numeric_limits<IndexType>::max();}
    inline IndexType ThermalConductivity() const {return std::numeric_limits<IndexType>::max();}
  };
 
 protected:
  const CIndices<unsigned long> indices;
 
  bool ionization;          /*!< \brief Presence of charged species in gas mixture. */
  bool monoatomic = false;  /*!< \brief Presence of single species gas. */
 
  MatrixType Precond_Beta;  /*!< \brief Low Mach number preconditioner value, Beta. */
 
  /*--- Primitive variable definition ---*/
  MatrixType Primitive_Aux;            /*!< \brief Primitive auxiliary variables (Y_s, T, Tve, ...) in compressible flows. */
 
  /*--- Secondary variable definition ---*/
  MatrixType Secondary;                /*!< \brief Primitive variables (T, vx, vy, vz, P, rho, h, c) in compressible flows. */
  CVectorOfMatrix Gradient_Secondary;  /*!< \brief Gradient of the primitive variables (T, vx, vy, vz, P, rho). */
 
  /*--- Other Necessary Variable Definition ---*/
  MatrixType dPdU;   /*!< \brief Partial derivative of pressure w.r.t. conserved variables. */
  MatrixType dTdU;   /*!< \brief Partial derivative of temperature w.r.t. conserved variables. */
  MatrixType dTvedU; /*!< \brief Partial derivative of vib.-el. temperature w.r.t. conserved variables. */
  MatrixType eves;   /*!< \brief energy of vib-el mode w.r.t. species. */
  MatrixType Cvves;  /*!< \brief Specific heat of vib-el mode w.r.t. species. */
  VectorType Gamma;  /*!< \brief Ratio of specific heats. */
 
  CNEMOGas *fluidmodel;
 
  /*!< \brief Index definition for NEMO pritimive variables. */
  unsigned long RHOS_INDEX, T_INDEX, TVE_INDEX, VEL_INDEX, P_INDEX,
  RHO_INDEX, H_INDEX, A_INDEX, RHOCVTR_INDEX, RHOCVVE_INDEX,
  LAM_VISC_INDEX, EDDY_VISC_INDEX, nSpecies;
 
  su2double Tve_Freestream; /*!< \brief Freestream vib-el temperature. */
  const bool implicit;      /*!< \brief Implicit flag. */
 
 public:
  /*!
   * \brief Constructor of the class.
   * \param[in] val_pressure - Value of the flow pressure (initialization value).
   * \param[in] val_massfrac - Value of the mass fraction (initialization value).
   * \param[in] val_mach - Value of the Mach number (initialization value).
   * \param[in] val_temperature - Value of the flow temperature (initialization value).
   * \param[in] val_temperature_ve - Value of the flow temperature_ve (initialization value).
   * \param[in] npoint - Number of points/nodes/vertices in the domain.
   * \param[in] val_nDim - Number of dimensions of the problem.
   * \param[in] val_nVar - Number of conserved variables.
   * \param[in] val_nVarPrim - Number of primitive variables.
   * \param[in] val_nVarPrimGrad - Number of primitive gradient variables.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  CNEMOEulerVariable(su2double val_pressure, const su2double *val_massfrac,
                     const su2double *val_mach, su2double val_temperature,
                     su2double val_temperature_ve, unsigned long npoint,
                     unsigned long ndim,
                     unsigned long nvar, unsigned long nvalprim,
                     unsigned long nvarprimgrad, const CConfig *config, CNEMOGas *fluidmodel);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the density at time level n for dual-time stepping.
   * \param[in] iPoint - Point index.
   * \return Density at time level n.
   */
  inline su2double GetDensity_time_n(unsigned long iPoint) const final { return GetSolution_time_n(iPoint, 0); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the density at time level n-1 for dual-time stepping.
   * \param[in] iPoint - Point index.
   * \return Density at time level n-1.
   */
  inline su2double GetDensity_time_n1(unsigned long iPoint) const final { return GetSolution_time_n1(iPoint, 0); }
 
  /*---------------------------------------*/
  /*---          U,V,S Routines         ---*/
  /*---------------------------------------*/
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the value of the primitive variables.
   * \param[in] iVar - Index of the variable.
   * \param[in] iVar - Index of the variable.
   * \return Set the value of the primitive variable for the index <i>iVar</i>.
   */
  inline void SetSecondary(unsigned long iPoint, unsigned long iVar, su2double val_secondary) final {Secondary(iPoint,iVar) = val_secondary; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the value of the primitive variables.
   * \param[in] val_prim - Primitive variables.
   * \return Set the value of the primitive variable for the index <i>iVar</i>.
   */
  inline void SetSecondary(unsigned long iPoint, const su2double *val_secondary) final {
    for (unsigned long iVar = 0; iVar < nSecondaryVar; iVar++)
      Secondary(iPoint,iVar) = val_secondary[iVar];
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the value of the primitive auxiliary variables - with mass fractions.
   * \param[in] iVar - Index of the variable.
   * \param[in] iVar - Index of the variable.
   * \return Set the value of the primitive variable for the index <i>iVar</i>.
   */
  inline void SetPrimitive_Aux(unsigned long iPoint, unsigned long iVar, su2double val_prim) { Primitive_Aux(iPoint,iVar) = val_prim; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the primitive variables for all points.
   * \return Reference to primitives.
   */
  inline const MatrixType& GetPrimitive_Aux() const { return Primitive_Aux; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the primitive variables.
   * \param[in] iVar - Index of the variable.
   * \return Value of the primitive variable for the index <i>iVar</i>.
   */
  inline su2double GetSecondary(unsigned long iPoint, unsigned long iVar) const final {return Secondary(iPoint,iVar); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the primitive variables of the problem.
   * \return Pointer to the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline su2double *GetSecondary(unsigned long iPoint) final { return Secondary[iPoint]; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set all the primitive variables for compressible flows.
   */
  bool SetPrimVar(unsigned long iPoint, CFluidModel *FluidModel) override;
 
   /*!
  * \brief Set all the primitive and secondary variables from the conserved vector.
  */
  bool Cons2PrimVar(su2double *U, su2double *V, su2double *dPdU,
                    su2double *dTdU, su2double *dTvedU, su2double *val_eves,
                    su2double *val_Cvves);
 
  /*---------------------------------------*/
  /*---   Specific variable routines    ---*/
  /*---------------------------------------*/
 
   /*!
   * \brief Set the norm 2 of the velocity.
   * \return Norm 2 of the velocity vector.
   */
  void SetVelocity2(unsigned long iPoint) final;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the flow pressure.
   * \return Value of the flow pressure.
   */
  inline su2double GetPressure(unsigned long iPoint) const final { return Primitive(iPoint,P_INDEX); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the speed of the sound.
   * \return Value of speed of the sound.
   */
  inline su2double GetSoundSpeed(unsigned long iPoint) const final { return Primitive(iPoint,A_INDEX); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the enthalpy of the flow.
   * \return Value of the enthalpy of the flow.
   */
  inline su2double GetEnthalpy(unsigned long iPoint) const final { return Primitive(iPoint,H_INDEX); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the density of the flow.
   * \return Value of the density of the flow.
   */
  inline su2double GetDensity(unsigned long iPoint) const final { return Primitive(iPoint,RHO_INDEX); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the specie density of the flow.
   * \return Value of the specie density of the flow.
   */
  inline su2double GetDensity(unsigned long iPoint, unsigned long val_Species) const final { return Primitive(iPoint,RHOS_INDEX+val_Species); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the energy of the flow.
   * \return Value of the energy of the flow.
   */
  inline su2double GetEnergy(unsigned long iPoint) const final { return Solution(iPoint,nSpecies+nDim)/Primitive(iPoint,RHO_INDEX); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the temperature of the flow.
   * \return Value of the temperature of the flow.
   */
  inline su2double GetTemperature(unsigned long iPoint) const final { return Primitive(iPoint,T_INDEX); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the velocity of the flow.
   * \param[in] iDim - Index of the dimension.
   * \return Value of the velocity for the dimension <i>iDim</i>.
   */
  inline su2double GetVelocity(unsigned long iPoint, unsigned long iDim) const final { return Primitive(iPoint,VEL_INDEX+iDim); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the velocity gradient.
   * \return Value of the velocity gradient.
   */
  inline CMatrixView<const su2double> GetVelocityGradient(unsigned long iPoint) const final {
    return Gradient_Primitive(iPoint, indices.Velocity());
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the projected velocity in a unitary vector direction (compressible solver).
   * \param[in] val_vector - Direction of projection.
   * \return Value of the projected velocity.
   */
  inline su2double GetProjVel(unsigned long iPoint, const su2double *val_vector) const final {
    su2double ProjVel = 0.0;
    for (unsigned long iDim = 0; iDim < nDim; iDim++)
      ProjVel += Primitive(iPoint,VEL_INDEX+iDim)*val_vector[iDim];
    return ProjVel;
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the velocity vector from the solution.
   * \param[in] val_velocity - Pointer to the velocity.
   */
  inline void SetVelocity(unsigned long iPoint) final {
    Velocity2(iPoint) = 0.0;
    for (unsigned long iDim = 0; iDim < nDim; iDim++) {
      Primitive(iPoint,VEL_INDEX+iDim) = Solution(iPoint,nSpecies+iDim) / Primitive(iPoint,RHO_INDEX);
      Velocity2(iPoint) += pow(Primitive(iPoint,VEL_INDEX+iDim),2);
    }
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the velocity vector from the old solution.
   * \param[in] val_velocity - Pointer to the velocity.
   */
  inline void SetVelocity_Old(unsigned long iPoint, const su2double *val_velocity) final {
    for (unsigned long iDim = 0; iDim < nDim; iDim++){
      Solution_Old(iPoint,nSpecies+iDim) = val_velocity[iDim]*Primitive(iPoint,RHO_INDEX);
     }
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief A virtual member.
   * \return Value of the vibrational-electronic temperature.
   */
  inline su2double GetTemperature_ve(unsigned long iPoint) const final
                                    { return Primitive(iPoint,TVE_INDEX); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Sets the vibrational electronic temperature of the flow.
   * \return Value of the temperature of the flow.
   */
  inline bool SetTemperature_ve(unsigned long iPoint, su2double val_Tve) final
                               { Primitive(iPoint,TVE_INDEX) = val_Tve; return false; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the mixture specific heat at constant volume (trans.-rot.).
   * \return \f$\rho C^{t-r}_{v} \f$
   */
  inline su2double GetRhoCv_tr(unsigned long iPoint) const final
                              { return Primitive(iPoint,RHOCVTR_INDEX); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the mixture specific heat at constant volume (vib.-el.).
   * \return \f$\rho C^{v-e}_{v} \f$
   */
  inline su2double GetRhoCv_ve(unsigned long iPoint) const final
                              { return Primitive(iPoint,RHOCVVE_INDEX); }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Returns the stored value of Eve at the specified node
   */
  inline su2double *GetEve(unsigned long iPoint) { return eves[iPoint]; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Returns the value of Cvve at the specified node
   */
  su2double *GetCvve(unsigned long iPoint) { return Cvves[iPoint]; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set partial derivative of pressure w.r.t. density \f$\frac{\partial P}{\partial \rho_s}\f$
   */
  inline su2double *GetdPdU(unsigned long iPoint) final { return dPdU[iPoint]; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set partial derivative of temperature w.r.t. density \f$\frac{\partial T}{\partial \rho_s}\f$
   */
  inline su2double *GetdTdU(unsigned long iPoint) final { return dTdU[iPoint]; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set partial derivative of vib.-el. temperature w.r.t. density \f$\frac{\partial T^{V-E}}{\partial \rho_s}\f$
   */
  inline su2double *GetdTvedU(unsigned long iPoint) final { return dTvedU[iPoint]; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the mass fraction \f$\rho_s / \rho \f$ of species s.
   * \param[in] val_Species - Index of species s.
   * \return Value of the mass fraction of species s.
   */
  inline su2double GetMassFraction(unsigned long iPoint, unsigned long val_Species) const final {
    return Primitive(iPoint,RHOS_INDEX+val_Species) / Primitive(iPoint,RHO_INDEX);
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Returns the stored value of Gamma at the specified node
   */
  inline su2double GetGamma(unsigned long iPoint) { return Gamma(iPoint); }
 
  /*---------------------------------------*/
  /*---           NEMO indices          ---*/
  /*---------------------------------------*/
 
  /*!
   * \brief Retrieves the value of the species density in the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline unsigned short GetRhosIndex() const { return RHOS_INDEX; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Retrieves the value of the total density in the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline unsigned short GetRhoIndex() const { return RHO_INDEX; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Retrieves the value of the pressure in the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline unsigned short GetPIndex() const { return P_INDEX; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Retrieves the value of the in temperature the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline unsigned short GetTIndex() const { return T_INDEX; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Retrieves the value of the vibe-elec temperature in the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline unsigned short GetTveIndex() const { return TVE_INDEX; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Retrieves the value of the velocity  in the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline unsigned short GetVelIndex() const { return VEL_INDEX; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Retrieves the value of the enthalpy in the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline unsigned short GetHIndex() const { return H_INDEX; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Retrieves the value of the soundspeed in the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline unsigned short GetAIndex() const { return A_INDEX; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Retrieves the value of the RhoCvtr in the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline unsigned short GetRhoCvtrIndex() const { return RHOCVTR_INDEX; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Retrieves the value of the RhoCvve in the primitive variable vector.
   */
  inline unsigned short GetRhoCvveIndex() const { return RHOCVVE_INDEX; }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Specify a vector to set the velocity components of the solution. Multiplied by density for compressible cases.
   * \param[in] iPoint - Point index.
   * \param[in] val_vector - Pointer to the vector.
   */
  inline void SetVelSolutionVector(unsigned long iPoint, const su2double *val_vector) final {
    for (unsigned long iDim = 0; iDim < nDim; iDim++)
      Solution(iPoint, nSpecies+iDim) = Primitive(iPoint,RHO_INDEX) * val_vector[iDim];
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the momentum part of the truncation error to zero.
   * \param[in] iPoint - Point index.
   */
  inline void SetVel_ResTruncError_Zero(unsigned long iPoint) final {
    for (unsigned long iDim = 0; iDim < nDim; iDim++) Res_TruncError(iPoint,nSpecies+iDim) = 0.0;
  }
 
};