CPhysicalGeometry.hpp

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/*!
 * \file CPhysicalGeometry.hpp
 * \brief Headers of the physical geometry class used to read meshes from file.
 * \author F. Palacios, T. Economon
 * \version 8.5.0 "Harrier"
 *
 * SU2 Project Website: https://su2code.github.io
 *
 * The SU2 Project is maintained by the SU2 Foundation
 * (http://su2foundation.org)
 *
 * Copyright 2012-2026, SU2 Contributors (cf. AUTHORS.md)
 *
 * SU2 is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * SU2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with SU2. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
#pragma once
 
#include "CGeometry.hpp"
#include "meshreader/CMeshReaderBase.hpp"
#include "../containers/C2DContainer.hpp"
#include "../toolboxes/classes_multiple_integers.hpp"
#include "../toolboxes/fem/CFaceOfElement.hpp"
 
/*!
 * \class CPhysicalGeometry
 * \brief Class for reading a defining the primal grid which is read from the grid file in .su2 or .cgns format.
 * \author F. Palacios, T. Economon, J. Alonso
 */
class CPhysicalGeometry final : public CGeometry {
  unordered_map<unsigned long, unsigned long>
      Global_to_Local_Point;              /*!< \brief Global-local indexation for the points. */
  long* Local_to_Global_Point{nullptr};   /*!< \brief Local-global indexation for the points. */
  unsigned long* adj_counter{nullptr};    /*!< \brief Adjacency counter. */
  unsigned long** adjacent_elem{nullptr}; /*!< \brief Adjacency element list. */
  su2activematrix Sensitivity;            /*!< \brief Matrix holding the sensitivities at each point. */
 
  vector<vector<unsigned long> > Neighbors;
  unordered_map<unsigned long, unsigned long> Color_List;
  vector<string> Marker_Tags;
  unsigned long nLocal_Point{0}, nLocal_PointDomain{0}, nLocal_PointGhost{0}, nLocal_PointPeriodic{0}, nLocal_Elem{0},
      nLocal_Bound_Elem{0}, nGlobal_Elem{0}, nGlobal_Bound_Elem{0}, nLocal_Line{0}, nLocal_BoundTria{0},
      nLocal_BoundQuad{0}, nLinear_Line{0}, nLinear_BoundTria{0}, nLinear_BoundQuad{0}, nLocal_Tria{0}, nLocal_Quad{0},
      nLocal_Tetr{0}, nLocal_Hexa{0}, nLocal_Pris{0}, nLocal_Pyra{0};
  unsigned long nMarker_Global{0};
  su2double* Local_Coords{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Local_Points{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Local_Colors{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_Line{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_BoundTria{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_BoundQuad{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_Line_Linear{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_BoundTria_Linear{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_BoundQuad_Linear{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_Tria{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_Quad{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_Tetr{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_Hexa{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_Pris{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Conn_Pyra{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_Line{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_BoundTria{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_BoundQuad{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_Line_Linear{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_BoundTria_Linear{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_BoundQuad_Linear{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_Tria{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_Quad{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_Tetr{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_Hexa{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_Pris{nullptr};
  unsigned long* ID_Pyra{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Elem_ID_Line{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Elem_ID_BoundTria{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Elem_ID_BoundQuad{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Elem_ID_Line_Linear{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Elem_ID_BoundTria_Linear{nullptr};
  unsigned long* Elem_ID_BoundQuad_Linear{nullptr};
 
  su2double Streamwise_Periodic_RefNode[MAXNDIM] = {
      0}; /*!< \brief Coordinates of the reference node [m] on the receiving periodic marker, for recovered
             pressure/temperature computation only.*/
 
 public:
  /*--- This is to suppress Woverloaded-virtual, omitting it has no negative impact. ---*/
  using CGeometry::SetBoundControlVolume;
  using CGeometry::SetControlVolume;
  using CGeometry::SetPoint_Connectivity;
  using CGeometry::SetVertex;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Constructor of the class.
   */
  CPhysicalGeometry(void);
 
  /*!
   * \overload
   * \brief Reads the geometry of the grid and adjust the boundary
   *        conditions with the configuration file.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] val_mesh_filename - Name of the file with the grid information.
   * \param[in] val_format - Format of the file with the grid information.
   * \param[in] val_iZone - Domain to be read from the grid file.
   * \param[in] val_nZone - Total number of domains in the grid file.
   */
  CPhysicalGeometry(CConfig* config, unsigned short val_iZone, unsigned short val_nZone);
 
  /*!
   * \overload
   * \brief Accepts a geometry container holding a linearly partitioned grid
   *        with coloring performed by ParMETIS, and this routine distributes
   *        the points and cells to all partitions based on the coloring.
   * \param[in] geometry - Definition of the geometry container holding the initial linear partitions of the grid +
   * coloring. \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  CPhysicalGeometry(CGeometry* geometry, CConfig* config);
 
  /*!
   * \overload
   * \brief Accepts a geometry container holding a linearly partitioned grid
   *        with coloring performed by ParMETIS, and this routine distributes
   *        the points and cells to all partitions based on the coloring.
   * \param[in] geometry - Definition of the geometry container holding the initial linear partitions of the grid +
   * coloring. \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  CPhysicalGeometry(CGeometry* geometry, CConfig* config, bool val_flag);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Destructor of the class.
   */
  ~CPhysicalGeometry(void) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Distributes the coloring from ParMETIS so that each rank has complete information about the local grid
   * points. \param[in] geometry - Definition of the geometry container holding the initial linear partitions of the
   * grid + coloring. \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void DistributeColoring(const CConfig* config, CGeometry* geometry);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Distribute the grid points, including ghost points, across all ranks based on a ParMETIS coloring.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] geometry - Geometrical definition of the problem.
   */
  void DistributePoints(const CConfig* config, CGeometry* geometry);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Distribute the connectivity for a single volume element type across all ranks based on a ParMETIS coloring.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] geometry - Geometrical definition of the problem.
   * \param[in] Elem_Type - VTK index of the element type being distributed.
   */
  void DistributeVolumeConnectivity(const CConfig* config, CGeometry* geometry, unsigned short Elem_Type);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Distribute the connectivity for a single surface element type in all markers across all ranks based on a
   * ParMETIS coloring. \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem. \param[in] geometry - Geometrical
   * definition of the problem. \param[in] Elem_Type - VTK index of the element type being distributed.
   */
  void DistributeSurfaceConnectivity(CConfig* config, CGeometry* geometry, unsigned short Elem_Type);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Broadcast the marker tags for all boundaries from the master rank to all other ranks.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] geometry - Geometrical definition of the problem.
   */
  void DistributeMarkerTags(CConfig* config, CGeometry* geometry);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Partition the marker connectivity held on the master rank according to a linear partitioning.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] geometry - Geometrical definition of the problem.
   * \param[in] Elem_Type - VTK index of the element type being distributed.
   */
  void PartitionSurfaceConnectivity(CConfig* config, CGeometry* geometry, unsigned short Elem_Type);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Load the local grid points after partitioning (owned and ghost) into the geometry class objects.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] geometry - Geometrical definition of the problem.
   */
  void LoadPoints(CConfig* config, CGeometry* geometry);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Load the local volume elements after partitioning (owned and ghost) into the geometry class objects.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] geometry - Geometrical definition of the problem.
   */
  void LoadVolumeElements(CConfig* config, CGeometry* geometry);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Load the local surface elements after partitioning (owned and ghost) into the geometry class objects.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] geometry - Geometrical definition of the problem.
   */
  void LoadSurfaceElements(CConfig* config, CGeometry* geometry);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Routine to launch non-blocking sends and recvs amongst all processors.
   * \param[in] bufSend - Buffer of data to be sent.
   * \param[in] nElemSend - Array containing the number of elements to send to other processors in cumulative storage
   * format.
   * \param[in] sendReq - Array of MPI send requests.
   * \param[in] bufRecv - Buffer of data to be received.
   * \param[in] nElemSend - Array containing the number of elements to receive from other processors in cumulative
   * storage format.
   * \param[in] sendReq - Array of MPI recv requests.
   * \param[in] countPerElem - Pieces of data per element communicated.
   */
  void InitiateCommsAll(void* bufSend, const int* nElemSend, SU2_MPI::Request* sendReq, void* bufRecv,
                        const int* nElemRecv, SU2_MPI::Request* recvReq, unsigned short countPerElem,
                        COMM_TYPE commType);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Routine to complete the set of non-blocking communications launched with InitiateComms() with MPI_Waitany().
   * \param[in] nSends - Number of sends to be completed.
   * \param[in] sendReq - Array of MPI send requests.
   * \param[in] nRecvs - Number of receives to be completed.
   * \param[in] sendReq - Array of MPI recv requests.
   */
  void CompleteCommsAll(int nSends, SU2_MPI::Request* sendReq, int nRecvs, SU2_MPI::Request* recvReq);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Routine to compute the initial linear partitioning offset counts and store in persistent data structures.
   * \param[in] val_npoint_global - total number of grid points in the mesh.
   */
  void PrepareOffsets(unsigned long val_npoint_global);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the processor that owns the global numbering index based on the linear partitioning.
   * \param[in] val_global_index - Global index for a point.
   * \return Rank of the owner processor for the current point based on linear partitioning.
   */
  unsigned long GetLinearPartition(unsigned long val_global_index);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Routine to sort the adjacency for ParMETIS for graph partitioning in parallel.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SortAdjacency(const CConfig* config);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the send receive boundaries of the grid.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetSendReceive(const CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the send receive boundaries of the grid.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetBoundaries(CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the local index that correspond with the global numbering index.
   */
  void SetGlobal_to_Local_Point() override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the local index that correspond with the global numbering index.
   * \param[in] val_ipoint - Global point.
   * \return Local index that correspond with the global index, -1 if not found on the current rank (process).
   */
  inline long GetGlobal_to_Local_Point(unsigned long val_ipoint) const override {
    auto it = Global_to_Local_Point.find(val_ipoint);
    if (it != Global_to_Local_Point.cend()) return it->second;
    return -1;
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Reads the geometry of the grid and adjust the boundary
   *        conditions with the configuration file in parallel (for parmetis).
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] val_mesh_filename - Name of the file with the grid information.
   * \param[in] val_format - Format of the file with the grid information.
   * \param[in] val_iZone - Domain to be read from the grid file.
   * \param[in] val_nZone - Total number of domains in the grid file.
   */
  void Read_Mesh(CConfig* config, const string& val_mesh_filename, unsigned short val_iZone, unsigned short val_nZone);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Routine to load the CGNS grid points from a single zone into the proper SU2 data structures.
   * \param[in] config - definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] mesh   - mesh reader object containing the current zone data.
   */
  void LoadLinearlyPartitionedPoints(CConfig* config, CMeshReaderBase* mesh);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Routine to load the grid points from a single zone into the proper SU2 data structures for the FEM solver.
   * \param[in] config - definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] mesh   - mesh reader object containing the current zone data.
   */
  void LoadLinearlyPartitionedPointsFEM(CConfig* config, CMeshReaderBase* mesh);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Loads the interior volume elements from the mesh reader object into the primal element data structures.
   * \param[in] config - definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] mesh   - mesh reader object containing the current zone data.
   */
  void LoadLinearlyPartitionedVolumeElements(CConfig* config, CMeshReaderBase* mesh);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Loads the interior volume elements from the mesh reader object into the primal element data structures for
   * the FEM solver. \param[in] config - definition of the particular problem. \param[in] mesh   - mesh reader object
   * containing the current zone data.
   */
  void LoadLinearlyPartitionedVolumeElementsFEM(CConfig* config, CMeshReaderBase* mesh);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Loads the boundary elements (markers) from the mesh reader object into the primal element data structures.
   * \param[in] config - definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] mesh   - mesh reader object containing the current zone data.
   */
  void LoadUnpartitionedSurfaceElements(CConfig* config, CMeshReaderBase* mesh);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Loads the boundary elements (markers) from the mesh reader object into the primal element data structures
   * for the FEM solver. \param[in] config - definition of the particular problem. \param[in] mesh   - mesh reader
   * object containing the current zone data.
   */
  void LoadLinearlyPartitionedSurfaceElementsFEM(CConfig* config, CMeshReaderBase* mesh);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Prepares the grid point adjacency based on a linearly partitioned mesh object needed by ParMETIS for graph
   * partitioning in parallel. \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void PrepareAdjacency(const CConfig* config);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Find repeated nodes between two elements to identify the common face.
   * \param[in] first_elem - Identification of the first element.
   * \param[in] second_elem - Identification of the second element.
   * \param[in] face_first_elem - Index of the common face for the first element.
   * \param[in] face_second_elem - Index of the common face for the second element.
   * \return It provides 0 or 1 depending if there is a common face or not.
   */
  bool FindFace(unsigned long first_elem, unsigned long second_elem, unsigned short& face_first_elem,
                unsigned short& face_second_elem) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute surface area (positive z-direction) for force coefficient non-dimensionalization.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetPositive_ZArea(CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set points which surround a point.
   */
  void SetPoint_Connectivity() override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set a renumbering using a Reverse Cuthill-McKee Algorithm
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetRCM_Ordering(CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set elements which surround an element.
   */
  void SetElement_Connectivity(void) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the volume element associated to each boundary element.
   */
  void SetBoundVolume(void) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set boundary vertex.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetVertex(const CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set number of span wise level for turbomachinery computation.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void ComputeNSpan(CConfig* config, unsigned short val_iZone, unsigned short marker_flag, bool allocate) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set turbo boundary vertex.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetTurboVertex(CConfig* config, unsigned short val_iZone, unsigned short marker_flag, bool allocate) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief update turbo boundary vertex.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void UpdateTurboVertex(CConfig* config, unsigned short val_iZone, unsigned short marker_flag) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set turbo boundary vertex.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetAvgTurboValue(CConfig* config, unsigned short val_iZone, unsigned short marker_flag, bool allocate) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set turbo boundary vertex.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void GatherInOutAverageValues(CConfig* config, bool allocate) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Store all the turboperformance in the solver in ZONE_0.
   * \param[in] donor_geometry  - Solution from the donor mesh.
   * \param[in] target_geometry - Solution from the target mesh.
   * \param[in] donorZone       - counter of the donor solution
   */
  void SetAvgTurboGeoValues(const CConfig* donor_config, CGeometry* donor_geometry, unsigned short donorZone) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the edge structure of the control volume.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] action - Allocate or not the new elements.
   */
  void SetControlVolume(CConfig* config, unsigned short action) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Visualize the structure of the control volume(s).
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void VisualizeControlVolume(const CConfig* config) const override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Mach the near field boundary condition.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void MatchActuator_Disk(const CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set boundary vertex structure of the control volume.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] action - Allocate or not the new elements.
   */
  void SetBoundControlVolume(const CConfig* config, unsigned short action) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the maximum cell-center to cell-center distance for CVs.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetMaxLength(CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the Tecplot file.
   * \param[in] config_filename - Name of the file where the Tecplot
   *            information is going to be stored.
   * \param[in] new_file - Create a new file.
   */
  void SetTecPlot(char config_filename[MAX_STRING_SIZE], bool new_file) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the output file for boundaries in Tecplot
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in] mesh_filename - Name of the file where the Tecplot
   *            information is going to be stored.
   * \param[in] new_file - Create a new file.
   */
  void SetBoundTecPlot(char mesh_filename[MAX_STRING_SIZE], bool new_file, CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Check the volume element orientation.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void Check_IntElem_Orientation(const CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Check the volume element orientation.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void Check_BoundElem_Orientation(const CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the domains for grid grid partitioning using ParMETIS.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetColorGrid_Parallel(const CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the domains for FEM grid partitioning using ParMETIS.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetColorFEMGrid_Parallel(CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Determine the donor elements for the boundary elements on viscous
            wall boundaries when wall functions are used.
   * \param[in]  config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void DetermineDonorElementsWallFunctions(CConfig* config);
 
#ifdef HAVE_MPI
#ifdef HAVE_PARMETIS
  /*!
   * \brief Function, which converts the input the format for ParMETIS and calls
   *        ParMETIS to determine the actual colors of the elements.
   * \param[in] adjacency - Adjacency information of the elements.
   * \param[in] vwgt      - Weights of the vertices of the graph, which are the elements.
   * \param[in] adjwgt    - Weights of the adjacencies of the graph.
   */
  void DetermineFEMColorsViaParMETIS(vector<vector<unsigned long> >& adjacency, vector<passivedouble>& vwgt,
                                     vector<vector<passivedouble> >& adjwgt);
#endif
#endif
 
  /*!
   * \brief Determine whether or not the Jacobians of the elements and faces
            are constant and a length scale of the elements.
   * \param[in]  config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void DetermineFEMConstantJacobiansAndLenScale(CConfig* config);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the weights of the FEM graph for ParMETIS.
   * \param[in]  config                       - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in]  localFaces                   - Vector, which contains the element faces of this rank.
   * \param[in]  adjacency                    - Neighbors of the element.
   * \param[in]  mapExternalElemIDToTimeLevel - Map from the external element ID's to their time level
                                                and number of DOFs.
   * \param[out] vwgt                         - Weights of the vertices of the graph, i.e. the elements.
   * \param[out] adjwgt                       - Weights of the edges of the graph.
   */
  void DetermineFEMGraphWeights(CConfig* config, const vector<CFaceOfElement>& localFaces,
                                const vector<vector<unsigned long> >& adjacency,
                                const map<unsigned long, CUnsignedShort2T>& mapExternalElemIDToTimeLevel,
                                vector<passivedouble>& vwgt, vector<vector<passivedouble> >& adjwgt);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Function, which determines the adjacency information of the graph
   *        representation of the grid.
   * \param[in]  localFaces - Vector containing the local matching faces of the FEM grid.
   * \param[out] adjacency  - Vector of vectors to store the adjacency.
   */
  void DetermineGraphAdjacency(const vector<CFaceOfElement>& localFaces, vector<vector<unsigned long> >& adjacency);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Function, which determines the matching faces of a FEM grid.
   * \param[in]  config      - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[out] localFaces  - Vector containing the local faces of the FEM grid.
   *                           On output the matching faces are stored as one face.
   */
  void DetermineMatchingFacesFEMGrid(const CConfig* config, vector<CFaceOfElement>& localFaces);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Function, which determines the non-matching faces of a FEM grid.
   * \param[in]  config                - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in,out] localMatchingFaces - Vector containing the local faces of the FEM grid.
   *                                     On output the non-matching faces are removed.
   */
  void DetermineNonMatchingFacesFEMGrid(const CConfig* config, vector<CFaceOfElement>& localMatchingFaces);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Function, which determines the owner of the internal faces, i.e. which element
   *        is responsible for computing the fluxes through the face.
   * \param[in]  localFaces                   - Vector, which contains the element faces of this rank.
   * \param[out] mapExternalElemIDToTimeLevel - Map from the external element ID's to their time level and number of
   * DOFs.
   */
  void DetermineOwnershipInternalFaces(vector<CFaceOfElement>& localFaces,
                                       map<unsigned long, CUnsignedShort2T>& mapExternalElemIDToTimeLevel);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Determine the neighboring information for periodic faces of a FEM grid.
   * \param[in]     config      - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in,out] localFaces  - Vector, which contains the element faces of this rank.
   */
  void DeterminePeriodicFacesFEMGrid(CConfig* config, vector<CFaceOfElement>& localFaces);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Determine the time level of the elements when time accurate local time stepping is employed.
   * \param[in]  config                       - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \param[in]  localFaces                   - Vector, which contains the element faces of this rank.
   * \param[out] mapExternalElemIDToTimeLevel - Map from the external element ID's to their time level and number of
   * DOFs.
   */
  void DetermineTimeLevelElements(CConfig* config, const vector<CFaceOfElement>& localFaces,
                                  map<unsigned long, CUnsignedShort2T>& mapExternalElemIDToTimeLevel);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Function, which stores the information of the local matching faces in the
   *        data structures of the local elements.
   * \param[in] localFaces  - Vector, which contains the internal matching faces of this rank.
   */
  void StoreFaceInfoInLocalElements(const vector<CFaceOfElement>& localFaces);
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute 3 grid quality metrics: orthogonality angle, dual cell aspect ratio, and dual cell volume ratio.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void ComputeMeshQualityStatistics(const CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Find and store the closest, most normal, neighbor to a vertex.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void FindNormal_Neighbor(const CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Read the sensitivity from an input file.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetBoundSensitivity(CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the maximum thickness of an airfoil.
   * \return Maximum thickness at a particular section.
   */
  su2double Compute_MaxThickness(su2double* Plane_P0, su2double* Plane_Normal, CConfig* config,
                                 vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil,
                                 vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the twist of an airfoil.
   * \return Twist at a particular section.
   */
  su2double Compute_Twist(su2double* Plane_P0, su2double* Plane_Normal, vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil,
                          vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the leading/trailing edge location of an airfoil.
   */
  void Compute_Wing_LeadingTrailing(su2double* LeadingEdge, su2double* TrailingEdge, su2double* Plane_P0,
                                    su2double* Plane_Normal, vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil,
                                    vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the leading/trailing edge location of a fuselage.
   */
  void Compute_Fuselage_LeadingTrailing(su2double* LeadingEdge, su2double* TrailingEdge, su2double* Plane_P0,
                                        su2double* Plane_Normal, vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil,
                                        vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the chord of an airfoil.
   * \return Chord of an airfoil.
   */
  su2double Compute_Chord(su2double* Plane_P0, su2double* Plane_Normal, vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil,
                          vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the chord of an airfoil.
   * \return Chord of an airfoil.
   */
  su2double Compute_Width(su2double* Plane_P0, su2double* Plane_Normal, vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil,
                          vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the chord of an airfoil.
   * \return Chord of an airfoil.
   */
  su2double Compute_WaterLineWidth(su2double* Plane_P0, su2double* Plane_Normal, CConfig* config,
                                   vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil,
                                   vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the chord of an airfoil.
   * \return Chord of an airfoil.
   */
  su2double Compute_Height(su2double* Plane_P0, su2double* Plane_Normal, vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil,
                           vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the chord of an airfoil.
   * \return Chord of an airfoil.
   */
  su2double Compute_LERadius(su2double* Plane_P0, su2double* Plane_Normal, vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil,
                             vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the thickness of an airfoil.
   */
  su2double Compute_Thickness(su2double* Plane_P0, su2double* Plane_Normal, su2double Location, CConfig* config,
                              vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil,
                              vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil, su2double& ZLoc) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the area of an airfoil.
   * \return Area of an airfoil.
   */
  su2double Compute_Area(su2double* Plane_P0, su2double* Plane_Normal, CConfig* config,
                         vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil,
                         vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the length of an airfoil.
   * \return Area of an airfoil.
   */
  su2double Compute_Length(su2double* Plane_P0, su2double* Plane_Normal, CConfig* config,
                           vector<su2double>& Xcoord_Airfoil, vector<su2double>& Ycoord_Airfoil,
                           vector<su2double>& Zcoord_Airfoil) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the dihedral of a wing.
   * \return Dihedral at a particular section.
   */
  su2double Compute_Dihedral(su2double* LeadingEdge_im1, su2double* TrailingEdge_im1, su2double* LeadingEdge_i,
                             su2double* TrailingEdge_i) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute the curvature of a wing.
   */
  su2double Compute_Curvature(su2double* LeadingEdge_im1, su2double* TrailingEdge_im1, su2double* LeadingEdge_i,
                              su2double* TrailingEdge_i, su2double* LeadingEdge_ip1,
                              su2double* TrailingEdge_ip1) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Evaluate geometrical parameters of a wing.
   */
  void Compute_Wing(CConfig* config, bool original_surface, su2double& Wing_Volume, su2double& Wing_MinMaxThickness,
                    su2double& Wing_MaxMaxThickness, su2double& Wing_MinChord, su2double& Wing_MaxChord,
                    su2double& Wing_MinLERadius, su2double& Wing_MaxLERadius, su2double& Wing_MinToC,
                    su2double& Wing_MaxToC, su2double& Wing_ObjFun_MinToC, su2double& Wing_MaxTwist,
                    su2double& Wing_MaxCurvature, su2double& Wing_MaxDihedral) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Evaluate geometrical parameters of a wing.
   */
  void Compute_Fuselage(CConfig* config, bool original_surface, su2double& Fuselage_Volume,
                        su2double& Fuselage_WettedArea, su2double& Fuselage_MinWidth, su2double& Fuselage_MaxWidth,
                        su2double& Fuselage_MinWaterLineWidth, su2double& Fuselage_MaxWaterLineWidth,
                        su2double& Fuselage_MinHeight, su2double& Fuselage_MaxHeight,
                        su2double& Fuselage_MaxCurvature) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Evaluate geometrical parameters of a wing.
   */
  void Compute_Nacelle(CConfig* config, bool original_surface, su2double& Nacelle_Volume,
                       su2double& Nacelle_MinMaxThickness, su2double& Nacelle_MaxMaxThickness,
                       su2double& Nacelle_MinChord, su2double& Nacelle_MaxChord, su2double& Nacelle_MinLERadius,
                       su2double& Nacelle_MaxLERadius, su2double& Nacelle_MinToC, su2double& Nacelle_MaxToC,
                       su2double& Nacelle_ObjFun_MinToC, su2double& Nacelle_MaxTwist) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Read the sensitivity from adjoint solution file and store it.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void SetSensitivity(CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Read the sensitivity from unordered ASCII adjoint solution file and store it.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void ReadUnorderedSensitivity(CConfig* config) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get the Sensitivity at a specific point.
   * \param[in] iPoint - The point where to get the sensitivity.
   * \param[in] iDim - The component of the dim. vector.
   * \return The sensitivity at point iPoint and dim. iDim.
   */
  inline su2double GetSensitivity(unsigned long iPoint, unsigned short iDim) const override {
    return Sensitivity(iPoint, iDim);
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set the Sensitivity at a specific point.
   * \param[in] iPoint - The point where to get the sensitivity.
   * \param[in] iDim - The component of the dim. vector.
   * \param[in] val - Value of the sensitivity.
   */
  inline void SetSensitivity(unsigned long iPoint, unsigned short iDim, su2double val) override {
    Sensitivity(iPoint, iDim) = val;
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief Compute an ADT including the coordinates of all viscous markers
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   * \return pointer to the ADT
   */
  std::unique_ptr<CADTElemClass> ComputeViscousWallADT(const CConfig* config) const override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Reduce the wall distance based on an previously constructed ADT.
   * \details The ADT might belong to another zone, giving rise to lower wall distances
   * than those already stored.
   * \param[in] WallADT - The ADT to reduce the wall distance
   * \param[in] config - ignored
   * \param[in] iZone - zone whose markers made the ADT
   */
  void SetWallDistance(CADTElemClass* WallADT, const CConfig* config, unsigned short iZone) override;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Set wall distances a specific value
   */
  void SetWallDistance(su2double val) override {
    for (unsigned long iPoint = 0; iPoint < GetnPoint(); iPoint++) {
      nodes->SetWall_Distance(iPoint, val);
    }
  }
 
  /*!
   * \brief For streamwise periodicity, find & store a unique reference node on the designated periodic inlet.
   * \param[in] config - Definition of the particular problem.
   */
  void FindUniqueNode_PeriodicBound(const CConfig* config) final;
 
  /*!
   * \brief Get a pointer to the reference node coordinate vector.
   * \return A pointer to the reference node coordinate vector.
   */
  inline const su2double* GetStreamwise_Periodic_RefNode(void) const final { return Streamwise_Periodic_RefNode; }
};